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All aquariums require biological and mechanical filtration to maintain a healthy environment.
FILTRATION
Filtration is a process of filtering a substance. It is a mechanical or physical operation that is used to separate solids from fluids. Is is done by interposing a filtering medium which only allows the fluid to pass. Solids with big sizes are left in the medium.
The picture shows how filtration works. The flowing fluid with impurities/solid is moving towards the filter then the solids are left on the filter.
In an aquarium setting, "All aquariums require biological and mechanical filtration to maintain a healthy environment. The aquarium filter also assists in aerating the water. To effectively maintain an aquarium, a filter should run all the water in the tank through the filter a minimum of four times each hour"[1]
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